Equilibrium after intermediate

The after intermediate H2S04 making equilibrium curve equation is ... 

After-intermediate-H2S04-making equilibrium curves are prepared from Eqn. (19.1) as described in Appendix D. e, f and P, are specified and equilibrium temperatures are calculated for a series of Eafter values (or vice versa). Fig. 19.3 shows the after-H2S04-making equilibrium curve with this chapter s specifications. 

Fig. 19.4. Equilibrium curve and partial heatup path for after-intermediate-fESO -makint catalyst bed. The heatup path has been calculated with matrix Table 19.1 as in Appendix I. The steepness of the heatup path is due to the small amount of S02 fuel in the input gas. The equilibrium curve and heatup path are only valid for the specified inputs. The S02 and 02 inputs are equivalent to 0.234 volume% S02 and 7.15 volume% 02.

Table 19.2. After-intermediate-lESOa-making % S02 oxidized-temperature points near heatup path-equilibrium curve intercept. The intercept temperature is shown to be between 697.30 and 697.31 K. The points are calculated as described in Appendices D and I. They are plotted in Fig. 19.5.

Fig. 19.5. Equilibrium curve, heatup path and heatup path-equilibrium curve intercept for after-intermediate-FESOj-making catalyst bed. Attainment of equilibrium in the catalyst bed gives 98.9% oxidation of the bed s input S02. The lines apply only to the graph s specified inputs and bed pressure. This graph is a blowup of Fig. 19.6. Its intercept is confirmed by a Goal Seek calculation in Appendix T. The S02 and 02 inputs are equivalent to 0.234 volume% S02 and 7.15 volume% 02.

Worksheet for Calculating After-Intermediate-H2S04-Making Heatup Path Equilibrium Curve Intercepts... 

The on rate constant, /c+, is diffusion-controlled and depends little on surfactant and micelle size (cf. Table 19.5). The off rate constant, on the other hand, is strongly dependent on alkyl chain length, micelle size, etc. Because of the co-operativity in micelle formation there is a very deep minimum in the size distribution curve. This leads to a two-step approach to equilibrium after a perturbation. In a fast step, quasiequilibrium is reached under the constraint of a constant total number of micelles. The redistribution of unimers between abundant micelles is a fast process. In order to reach a true equilibrium, the number of micelles must change. Because of the stepwise process, this also involves the very rare intermediate micelles. Therefore, this process is slow. 

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