EQUIL

L. Schultz, in M. von Allmen, ed., Proc. Materl R t. Soc. Europe Meeting on Mmorph. Metals andNon-Equil Processing, Les Uhs, Les Editions de... 

THERMOSIM Module 1 EQUIL Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division Melissa Beck P.O. Bo 2608 Houston, TX 77252 (713) 520-4444 Database of thermodynamic properties of 200 hydrocarbons, 9 non-bydrocaibon gases, carbon, and sulfur. Requires 512K memory and 2 disk drives. 

S. Murad, R. Madhusudan, J. G. Powles. A molecular simulation to investigate the possibility of electro-osmosis in non-ionic solutions with uniform electric fields. Mol Phys 90 671, 1997 R. Madhususan, J. Lin, S. Murad. Molecular simulations of electro-osmosis in fluid mixtures using semi-permeable membranes. Eluid Phase Equil 150 91, 1998. 

R. L. Rowley, M. Henrichsen. Calculation of chemical potential for structured molecules using osmotic molecular dynamics simulations. Fluid Phase Equil 137 15, 1997. 

Pitch.Equil. triangular, rows normal to flow... 

Melting Point (mp). The melting point or freezing point of a pure subs is the temp at which its crysts are in equil with the liq phase at atm press. It is usually called the mp when the equil temp is approached by heating the solid. Ordinarily, mp refers to temps above 0°, the mp of ice (Ref 1). As the mp of a solid subs which does not subl or decomp is one of the best criteria of its purity or identity, the detn of mp is of considerable importance. The presence of even small amts of impurity may alter the mp considerably, usually lowering it. The mp of typical expl and propint materials are given below (Ref 2)... 

Time 24hrs equil 24hrs equil 24hrs equil 24hrs equil... 

It is obvious that the nitrated product must be separated from the acid in equil with it (spent acid). If the product and the spent acid form two immiscible liq phases, eg, NG, EGDN, or molten TNT, separation is effected by gravity or centrifuging. If the product and spent acid form a solid and a liq phase, eg PA, NC or PETN, separation is effected by centrifuging (PA NC) or filtration (PETN). If the nitration is carried in the vapor phase (NM), separation is effected by distillation... 

In both the liq the vapor phase, nitric acid decomps as 2HNO s NO l O+ Oj with a second equil with N02 2N02 2N0+02- The rate determining step is the dehydration of HN03... 

Reactions. It exists in equil with the N difluoride free radical N2F4 4 2.NF , which is shifted to the right as the temp is raised (Ref 4) Qdissociation 20 l.Okcal/mole (Ref 5). It decomps at 350— 480° and 150-1200mm into N2 and N tri-fluoride (Ref 8). It undergoes a large number of thermal and photochem reactions with org compds (for individual reactions see in the Encycl under the parent org compd)... 

A special type of a flare is a thermal decoy which has a strong emission in the infrared. Decays may utilize the Mg-fluorocarbon reaction which form hot carbon particles as the source of radiant energy (see sample equil calcn, Section 4 of the article) (Ref 59)... 

Other modes of LC operation include liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLC) and bonded phase chromatography. In the former, a stationary liquid phase which is immiscible with the mobile phase is coated on a porous support, with separation based on partition equilibrium differences of components between the two liquid phases. This mode offers an alternative to ion exchange in the fractionation of polar, water soluble substances. While quite useful, the danger exists in LLC that the stationary phase can be stripped from the column, if proper precautions are not taken. Hence, it is typical to pre-equil-ibrate carefully the mobile and stationary phases and to use a forecolimn, heavily loaded with stationary phase 9). 

EQUIL AND MASS TRANSFER CONSTANT El = 0.5,E2 = 0.5 CONSTANT KC=0 CONSTANT... 

PHASE VOLUMES IN EACH STAGE VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATES INLET CONCENTRATIONS EQUIL AND MASS TRANSFER... 

For convenience, only four stages were used in this model. An iterative solution is required for the bubble point calculations and this is based on the half-interval method. A FORTRAN subroutine EQUIL, incorporated in the ISIM program, estimates the equilibrium conditions for each plate. The iteration routine was taken from Luyben and Wenzel (1988). The program runs very slowly. 

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