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Equality before the law

No - If the measurement is carried out in relation to legislation. Because of the equality before the law, it is more important that the analyses are reproducible so that different laboratories will obtain the same results. Because the ultimate method does not exist, it has to be accepted that the standard method in use sometimes will give a too low concentration. A good method development and validation will diminish the chance on these wrong analyses but cannot prevent them all. We have to accept the failure of the method in a limited number of cases. [Pg.205]

Article 26 Right to equality before the law, equal protection of the law and rights of non-... [Pg.108]

ISO s work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards. Many people will have noticed a seeming lack of correspondence between the official title when used in full. International Organization for Standardization, and the short form, ISO. Shouldn t the acronym be TOS Yes, if it were an acronym - which it is not. In fact, ISO is a word, derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal, which is the root of the prefix iso- that occurs in a host of terms, such as isometric (of equal measure or dimensions) and isonomy (equality of laws, or of people before the law). From equal to standard , the line of thinking that led to the choice of... [Pg.148]

To calculate the force exerted by a single molecule, we use Newton s second law of motion force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of a particle (Section A). Momentum is the product of mass and velocity so, if a molecule of mass m is traveling with a velocity vx parallel to the side of the box that we are calling x, then its linear momentum before it strikes the wall on the right is mvx. Immediately after the collision, the momentum of the molecule is mvx because the velocity has changed from vx to —vx. [Pg.282]

In order that the value of the equilibrium constant does not change, K should equal fCp for this to happen pBj must decrease and/orpAB must increase, i.e., more of B2 and A2 will react to yield AB. A similar consequence would follow on the addition of the component B2 at equilibrium. Another factor can be the addition of an inert gas. This can be done at constant volume. In this case, since there is no change in the total volume, the concentrations of A2, B2 and AB will have the same individual values as before the addition of the inert gas and as such there will be no change in the reaction or in the value of the equilibrium constant. An alternative way of adding the inert gas is to do so at constant pressure. In this case, the addition will cause an increase in the number of moles in the gas mixture and this will merely lead to an increase in the total volume at constant temperature, without altering the initial quantities of A2 or B2. Since the mass law equation for this type of reac-... [Pg.253]

The product of mass and velocity is called momentum and the law of conservation of momentum tells us that the total momentum of an isolated system (such as a rocket) is constant. For example, if two bodies collide, then their total momentum before impact is equal to their total momentum after impact. [Pg.50]

The relations between the state of the material before the wave passes (I), the properties of the wave, and the state after the wave passes (II) are easily obtained from the laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. These relations are symmetrical with respect to the quantities describing I and II, and are equally suited to description of the transition from I to II and the reverse transition from II to I. [Pg.152]

When the initiator (I) is very efficient, e.g. kp/k < 0.3, and an excess of monomer (M) is used, the initiator disappears according to a near-first-order law before much monomer has been consumed. Once it is all used up the monomer disappears exactly according to a first-order law since the concentration of living propagating species (P) is now constant and equal to the original concentration of initiator. Hence, provided that both initiator and monomer concentrations can be followed, say by H NMR, both k and kp may be determined60. [Pg.1511]

You will notice that the total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of product. This is true for any chemical reaction and it is known as the Law of conservation of mass. This law was understood by the Greeks but was first clearly formulated by Antoine Lavoisier in 1774. Chemists can use this idea to calculate masses of products formed and reactants used in chemical processes before they are carried out. [Pg.77]

Law of conservation of mass The total mass of substance or substances that exist before a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the substance or substances that exist after the reaction, i.e., matter can not be neither created nor destroyed. [Pg.102]

These laws (determined by Michael Faraday over a half century before the discovery of the electron) can now be shown to be simple consequences of the electrical nature of matter. In any electrolysis, an oxidation must occur at the anode to supply the electrons that leave this electrode. Also, a reduction must occur at the cathode removing electrons coming into the system from an outside source (battery or other DC source). By the principle of continuity of current, electrons must be discharged at the cathode at exactly the same rate at which they are supplied to the anode. By definition of the equivalent mass for oxidation-reduction reactions, the number of equivalents of electrode reaction must be proportional to the amount of charge transported into or out of the electrolytic cell. Further, the number of equivalents is equal to the number of moles of electrons transported in the circuit. The Faraday constant (F) is equal to the charge of one mole of electrons, as shown in this equation ... [Pg.328]

Equation (11) is written in the form of Newton s second law and states that the mass times acceleration of a fluid particle is equal to the sum of the forces causing that acceleration. In flow problems that are accelerationless (Dx/Dt = 0) it is sometimes possible to solve Eq. (11) for the stress distribution independently of any knowledge of the velocity field in the system. One special case where this useful feature of these equations occurs is the case of rectilinear pipe flow. In this special case the solution of complex fluid flow problems is greatly simplified because the stress distribution can be discovered before the constitutive relation must be introduced. This means that only a first-order differential equation must be solved rather than a second-order (and often nonlinear) one. The following are the components of Eq. (11) in rectangular Cartesian, cylindrical polar, and spherical polar coordinates ... [Pg.255]

It is also important to understand the distinction between the staff of the Commission and the Commission itself. When it is reported that the FERC staff has taken a certain position, many people interpret that as a Commission decision. That is not a correct interpretation. The FERC staff, by law, is independent it has an obligation to protect the public interest as they see it. The FERC staff appears before the Administrative Law Judge in all hearings as an equal party. The position of the staff is not the position of the Commission unless the Commission later adopts it. In fact, the Commission has a record of going against the staff about half of the time and for the staff about half of the time about the same ratio for any other party. [Pg.212]

A descriptive analysis of bank notes is needed. The unlimited satirical force of such a book would be equalled only by its objectivity. For nowhere more naively than in these documents does capitalism display itself in solemn earnest. The innocent cupids frolicking about numbers, the goddesses holding tablets of the law, the stalwart heroes sheathing their swords before monetary units, are in a world of their own ornamenting the facade of hell.76... [Pg.150]

One of the most important laws in chemistry is the law of conservation of mass. This law states that, in any chemical reaction or physical change, the total mass present after the change is equal to the total mass present before the change. This law will be further explain in Section 3.1. Section 3.2 will present John Dalton s explanation of the law, in which he proposed that the particles that make up matter can rearrange themselves in various ways but cannot be created or destroyed. That explanation is a theory it explains the law. If the particles that make up the materials before and after the change are the same, the total mass must also be the same. [Pg.30]

The nature of one of the conditions becomes clear from the term c[t = 0] in the Laplace-transformed version [see Eq. (4.42)] of Pick s second law. The term c[r = 0] refers to the concentration before the start of diffusion i.e., it describes the initial condition of the electrolytic solution in which diffusion is made to occur by the passage of a constant current. Since before the constant current is switched on and diffusion starts, one has an unperturbed system, the concentration c of the species that subsequently diffuses must be the same throughout the system and equal to the bulk concentration c°. Thus, the initial condition of the electrolytic solution is... [Pg.388]


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