Epitaxy heterogeneous

Manecki et al. (2000b) used the same three apatites to study both homogeneous and epitaxial heterogeneous nucleation. For this, AFM, SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and XRD were used to characterize the apatites and the reaction... 

McPherson, A. and Shlichta, P. (1988). Heterogeneous and epitaxial nucleation of protein crystals on mineral surfaces. Science 239, 385-387. 

Valsami-Jones et al. (1998) conducted similar studies with a synthetic, microcrystalline hydroxyapatite in either a Pb or Cd buffered solution. Using AFM, hydroxypyromorphite was observed to grow epitaxially on the hydroxyapatite surface in a clear example of heterogeneous nucleation. Cd removal differed, with the likely formation of a Ca-Cd phosphate solid solution. 

H. Brune and K. Kern, Heteroepitaxial metal growth The effects of strain, in Growth and Properties of Ultrathin Epitaxial Layers, Vol. 8 of The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis, eds. D. A. King and D. P. Woodruff (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1997), p. 149. 

Rodriguez-Hornedo, N. Lechuga-Ballesteros, D. Wu, H.J. Phase transition and heterogeneous epitaxial nucleation of hydrated and anhydrous theophylline crystals. Int. J. Pharm. 1992, 85 (1-3), 149-162. 

McPherson, A., and Shlichta, P. J. Facilitation of the growth of protein crystals by heterogeneous/epitaxial nucleation. J. Crystal Growth 85, 206-214 (1987). 

Basically, the effect of the surface nanotexture on the strength of metal-carbon bonding may occur as a result of epitaxy or interdiffusion of atoms in the contact region of a metal crystallite and carbon support. However, information concerning these aspects of the metal-carbon interaction is scarce. Graphite-supported Pd and Pt crystallites are oriented their 202 for Pd [19] and 111 or 110 for Pt [20-22] planes parallel to the basal plane of graphite substrate, but this epitaxial interaction is relatively weak [19-21,23]. In contrast, Pd particles supported on amorphous carbons are in random orientation [19,25]. Hence, heterogeneous support surfaces comprise structurally different sites for metal-particle stabilization. 

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