Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

Radloff, L.S. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D) a self report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psychol. Mens. 1, 385-401, 1977. 

Those individuals who had whiplash pain but who did not report being depressed prior to the whiplash event were followed for future symptoms of depression, using the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [8j. In this follow-up, 42% of whiplash subjects who had not been previously depressed met the definition for depression over the next 6 weeks. The majority (60%) of these 42% experienced resolution within the subsequent year, with a median recovery time of 92 days, whereas 19% experienced recurrent bouts of 343... 

Chan, K.S., Orlando, M., Ghosh-Dastidar, B., Duan, N. and Sheiboume, C.D. 2004. The interview mode effect on the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression (CES-D) scale An item response theory analysis. Medical Care, 42, 281-9. 

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