Epichloe festucae

Yue Q, Miller C, White JF Jr, Richardson MD. Isolation and characterization of fungal inhibitors from Epichloe festucae. J Agric Food Chem 48 4687-4692, 2000. 

Figure 1 Life cycles of Epichloe festucae, E. typhina, Neotyphodium lolii, and an N. lolii x E. typhina hybrid, and the evolutionary origin of N. lolii and the hybrid. Solid arrows indicate systemic growth and (in asexual life cycles)...

Zabalgogeazcoa I, de Aldana BRV, Criado BG, Ciudad AG. The infection of Festuca rubra by the fungal endophyte Epichloe festucae in Mediterranean permanent grasslands. Grass Forage Sci 54 91-95, 1999. 

Zabalgogeazcoa I, Benito EP, Ciudad AG, Criado BG, Eslava AP, Double-stranded RNA. and virus-like particles in the grass endophyte Epichloe festucae. Mycol Res 102 914-918, 1998. 

There is a strong but not absolute tendency for hybrids in Europe to have ancestors most closely related to European species, but North American and other hybrids often have contributions both from North American species and from species now common in Europe. In fact, Eurasia-associated spp. E. typhina and E. festucae show up as likely contributors to hybrids throughout the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These relationships suggest that E. typhina, E. festucae and perhaps other Epichloe spp. may have been very widespread previously, but later became rare or extinct outside Eurasia. 

Morgan-Jones G, Gams W. Notes on Hyphomycetes XLI. An endophyte of Festuca arundinacea and the anamorph of Epichloe typhina, new taxa in one of two new sections of Acremonium. Mycotaxon 15 311-318, 1982. 

Figure 4 Retroelement sequences in Epichloe endophyte genomes. Southern hybridization of Epichloe genomic DNA (2p,g) digested with EcoRI (lanes 2-4) and Hind III (lanes 5-7) and probed with a retroelement sequence, lol-4/23. Lane 1, X-Hind size markers lanes 2 and 5, N. loliistrain Lp19 lanes 3 and 6, E. festucae strain F11 Lanes 4 and 7, E, festucae strain E189.

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