Enzyme surfaces curvature

NPs have physical dimensions close to cell membrane receptors and other biomolecules. This opens a new scenario to be explored. For example, the small dimensions are responsible for an enhanced penetrability of the cell membrane, since endocytosis is favored. The interaction with proteins is also affected by dimensions differences in surface curvature influence the ability of proteins to interact with surface functionalities, and consequently possible differences in conformational modification may occur.13 This is particularly relevant in the case of enzymes, where activity may depend on conformation. 

Chien et al. demonstrated shape shifting of amphilphilic DNA-bmsh copolymer micelles in response to an enzyme or a complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (Figure 25). Spherical micelles transformed into cylindrical micelles upon deavage of a DNA shdl by the addition of DNA-based phosphodiesterase (DNAzyme), which reduced the surface curvature and afforded cylindrical aggregates. Subsequent addition of a 19-base input DNA sequence (Iiii) formed a 9-base duplex with the truncated DNA in the cylindrical shell, fordng... 

Analyzing the curvatures in Tables 4, 5, and 6, one concludes that the POH profile approximates to the optima region for the tested oils utilizing entrapped enzyme. RSM for entrapped lipase (Fig. 2) shows that the typical POH profiles is different from that of free lipase (Fig. 1), while the pH effect is very significant for the entrapped lipase (Fig. 2) with all tested oils for the free enzyme, the POH is more affected by pH only for olive oil. Maximum hydrolysis was observed at lower pH for the entrapped lipase, whereas for the free enzyme, the maximum hydrolysis occurred at pH 7, for canola and soybean oils. POH was generally smaller for lower loadings of entrapped enzyme, as shown in Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6. This could be due to the limitation of substrate diffiision toward the biocatalyst surface and into the pores of the support because of its microporous stmcture. 

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