Enzymatic Polymerisation of Polysaccharides

Cellulose is the most abundant compound produced photochemically by plants on Earth it s estimated that about 20 billion tonnes of cellulose is photosynthesised in nature every year. There are two types of high-ordered molecular structure in cellulose cellulose I is the native form of cellulose, with parallel glucan chains and a thermodynamically metastable form, produced by living organisms, while cellulose II, has an antiparallel glucan chain and is the more stable form. 

Kobayashi and co-workers [218] reported that cellulose I and cellulose II can be selectively synthesised in vitro using the enzymatic polymerisation of the P-cellobiosyl fluoride monomer, and this selectivity could be controlled by changing the enzyme purity and polymerisation conditions. 

Cellulase from Trichoderma viride was the most effective enzyme for the synthesis of cellulose when compared with cellulases from ANL or Polyporus tulpiferae. 

Usui and co-workers [225] achieved the enzymatic synthesis of a cellulose-like substance by transglycosylation, via a nonbiosynthetic pathway, in an aqueous 

Chitin is widely found in invertebrates and is one of the most abundant and widespread natural structural polysaccharides normally found in animals, comparable to the predominance of cellulose in plants. Kobayashi and co-workers [210,211] produced 

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