Environmental issues calculating emission

A detailed comparison of the existing biofuel certification schemes based on their principles, criteria, and indicators regarding key socioeconomic and environmental issues was conducted by Van Dam et al. (2010). Some of the systems cover certain selective areas in biomass production (i.e., agriculture, forest, and fair trade). Various initiatives propose or are developing methodologies and default values to calculate the reduction of GHG emissions for bioenergy chains. 

The Consultation NAP was based on a two-stage allocation approach, in which sector-level allocations were based on projected business as usual emissions including relevant environmental policies. However, because of the misalignment issues discussed above, most sector emissions projections were calculated in a bottom-up fashion from installation-level historic emissions data. Sector growth rates were then applied to the bottom-up historical emissions totals to arrive at future projections. 

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