Environmental biochemistry toxicology

Define and distinguish the differences between environmental chemistry, environmental biochemistry, and toxicological chemistry. 

Reviews from yesteryears on the biochemistry, toxicology, and environmental occurrence of these compounds are available [2,7,10,25-27]. 

An attempt has been made to give an overview of all chemical aspects of plant protection, with the exception of analytical chemistry. We are fully aware that the designation chemistry of pesticides does not cover an unequivocally defined, uniform branch of science, because the fundamental sciences on which it is built, particularly organic chemistry and biochemistry, have maintained their independence and their original scope also within the frame of this special field. The chemistry of pesticides integrates these fundamental sciences only functionally, and not with respect to their methods. Our book attempts to achieve this functional unity. In the discussion of individual compounds and types of compound our aim has been to cover preparative and organic chemical and biochemical aspects, metabolism, activity-structure relationships, fields of application, and environmental and toxicological problems. 

Human exposure to toxic and hazardous substances in water, air and soil (Environmental biochemistry and toxicology)... 

Schlenk D (2005) Pesticide biotransformation in fish. In Mommsen TP, Moon TW (eds) Environmental toxicology, biochemistry and molecular biology of fishes, Chap 6, vol 6. Elsevier, San Diego, pp 171-190... 

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the most popular and widely used separation techniques because of its ease of use, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, speed of separation, as well as its capacity to analyze multiple samples simultaneously. It has been applied to many disciplines including biochemistry [1,2], toxicology [3,4], pharmacology [5,6], environmental science [7], food science [8,9], and chemistry [10,11]. TLC can be used for separation, isolation, identification, and quantification of components in a mixture. It can also be utilized on the preparative scale to isolate an individual component. A large variety of TLC equipment is available and discussed later in this chapter. 

Besides their biochemistry and toxicology, the environmental chemistry of OCs has been extensively studied (44, 43). The photochemistry of the cyclodienes, for example, offers a feast for the chemist (44), though perhaps a headache for the residue analyst and toxicologist. The breakdown of terminal residues to simple molecules capable of entering the natural organic cycles depends ultimately on microbial activity and anaerobic dechlorination seems an essential preliminary for OC destruction. 

Any individual with a professional interest in exposure analysis is invited to join. The Society seeks broad participation from various disciplines such as exposure assessment, chemistry, biochemistry, risk assessment, biostatistics, physiology, toxicology, epidemiology, ecology, environmental engineering, and others. There are currently several hundred members of ISEA, with a US focus but international representation. Students and international professionals with an interest in exposure assessment are especially encouraged to join. 

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