Energy use in agriculture

Fossil Renewable Energy used in agriculture Enercfy share of Renewable Agriculture ... 

Many publications use an absolute measure that denotes water security, frequently referring to an index that identifies a threshold of 1,700 CM per capita per year of renewable water, based on estimates of water requirements in the household, agricultural, industrial, and energy sectors as well as the needs of the enviromnent. Countries whose renewable water supplies cannot sustain this figure experience water stress. When supply falls below 1,000 m per capita per year, a country is said to experience water scarcity, and below 500 m per capita per year, absolute scarcity. However, these terms are easy to misinterpret, because they do not take into account possibilities for trade in agricultural products, efficiency of water use in agriculture, and other variables, and thus obscure the primacy of economic demand rather than physical need in determining water use [3-5]. 

Cormack, W F (2000) Energy use in Organic Farming Systems (OF0182). Final Project Report to Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, UK. http //orgprints.org/ 8169/... 

Halberg, N., Kristensen, E. S. and K. Refsgaard (1994). Energy Use in Crop Production on Danish Mixed Farms Systems Moddeling of Data from Farm Studies. International Symposium Systems- Oriented Research in Agriculture and Rural Development Montpellier, 360-365. 

Dalgaard, T., N. Halberg and J.R. Porter (2001), A model for fossil energy use in Danish agriculture used to compare organic and conventional farming . Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, Vol. 87, pp. 51-65. 

Process Heat - Thermal energy that is used in agricultural and industrial operations. 

If the sorption isotherm is temperature-independent the heat of sorption is zero therefore a number of sorption isotherm equations used in agricultural sciences are useless from the point of view of dryer calculations unless drying is isothermal. It is noteworthy that in the model equations derived in this section the heat of sorption is neglected, but it can easily be added by introducing Equation 3.59 for the solid enthalpy in energy balances of the solid phase. 

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