Energy transfer long-range fluorescence

Meldal et al. developed a novel protease assay based on the long-range resonance energy transfer (FRET) [25] fluorescence quenched (EQ) pair 3-nitrotyro-sine/2-aminobenzoic acid. This served to characterize enzyme specificity by direct visual inspection of the resin beads (33). 

The sensor for the measurement of high levels of CO2 in gas phase was developed, as well90. It was based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between 0 long-lifetime ruthenium polypyridyl complex and the pH-active disazo dye Sudan III. The donor luminophore and the acceptor dye were both immobilized in a hydrophobic silica sol-gel/ethyl cellulose hybrid matrix. The sensor exhibited a fast and reversible response to carbon dioxide over a wide range of concentrations. 

J. Perrin Introduction of the term delayed fluorescence Prediction of long-range energy transfer... 

Tomschik M, Zheng H, van Holde K, Zlatanova J, Leuba SH (2005) Fast, long-range, reversible conformational fluctuations in nucleosomes revealed by single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 3278-3283... 

Here the chromophores can be farther apart (10-100 A long-range interactions) since this mechanism does not require any overlapping of orbitals. The Forster radius designates the distance between donor and acceptor at which the efficiency of energy transfer amounts to exactly 50%. Half of the excited donor molecules are then deactivated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and the other 50% by fluorescence or phosphorescence. 

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