Energy signal

Coding of the (latent) sample information on Q into energy signals AU q... 

PKA (A kinase) cAMP-dependent protein kinase cAMP Energy signaling (low energy signal)... 

We have only covered the signal-to-noise problem several others must be solved simultaneously. Since space is a vacuum, one cannot cool the electronics or power supplies with a fan, but must ensure that thermal contact direct the heat to the spacecraft radiators. Solid state detectors (SSD) (see Section 2.3.5), uncommon in laboratory MS, are often used in space to get an additional energy signal from the ion impact, and these detectors must not go above 30°C. Likewise, fast electronics are often power hungry, and all that power must be dissipated as heat. More than one space MS has failed for thermal reasons. 

Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decar boxylation of isocitrate, yielding the first of three NADH molecules produced by the cycle, and the first release of C02 (see Figure 9.5). This is one of the rate-limiting steps of the TCA cycle. The enzyme is allosterically activated by ADP (a low-energy signal) and Ca, and is inhibited by ATP and NADH, whose levels are elevated when the cell has abundant energy stores. 

I Chemical and Related Arts II Radiant Energy, Signaling, Sound, Electricity... 

We illustrate the analysis of the formation of Ni-silicide in Fig. 5, which plots backscattering yield versus the kinetic energy of the backscattered particles whose incident energy was 2.0 MeV. The solid line is the spectrum from a 200 nm layer of Ni deposited on Si. The thickness is indicated by the width of the energy signal. 

---