Energy referencing

Binding energy referenced to Au(4f 7/2) level at 83.8 eV for thin layer of gold evaporated onto sample. 

Here it has been recognized that the vibrational Schrodinger equation includes a potential with its minimum corresponding to the minimum in the electronic energy of the state being considered. Ev b corresponds to the vibrational energy referenced to this minimum. 

Dissociation energy referenced to ground state and potential minimum... 

Introduction Sample Preparation Energy Referencing Preliminary Considerations Homopolymers... 

Instead of molecule, moles (1 mol = 6.022 x 10 molecules Avogadro number) are often used in experimental chemistry. The unit of photon energy referenced to one mole is called an einstein. Photon energy per 1 einstein of light with wavelength X (nm) is expressed as... 

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