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Energy levels atoms + atomic ions

The spectroscopy of ion lasers is generally less well understood than that of neutral atom lasers because of the lack of detailed knowledge of ion energy-level schemes. Indeed, ion lasers were first produced accidentally and attempts to assign the transitions came later. [Pg.355]

Fig. 4-16. Energy levels of metal ion and electron in an ionic electrode of metal ion transfer 4Cjn i = sublimation energy of solid metal /m" = ionization energy of gaseous metal atoms > >s = outer potential of electrolyte solution E s electrode potential (absolute electrode potential). Fig. 4-16. Energy levels of metal ion and electron in an ionic electrode of metal ion transfer 4Cjn i = sublimation energy of solid metal /m" = ionization energy of gaseous metal atoms > >s = outer potential of electrolyte solution E s electrode potential (absolute electrode potential).
There are three possible mechanisms whereby an excited atom or ion can undergo an electronic transition near a metal surface (1) de-excitation involving the emission of radiation, (2) de-excitation involving a two electron Auger process, and (3) a resonance process whereby an electron is transferred from the metal to an equivalent energy level in the ion or a similar transition where the electron goes from the ion to the metal. However, Schekhter has shown that the probability... [Pg.72]

We intend in this chapter to consider the manner in which the symmetry of the chemical surroundings of an ion determines the effect of this environment on the energy levels of the ion. In the crystal field and ligand field theories we often wish to regard the effect of the environment as a small perturbation on the states of the free ion. For the benefit of readers not acquainted with certain general features of the electronic structures of free atoms and ions, a brief resume of the subject is given in this section. [Pg.254]

You can write electron configurations and energy level diagrams for ions. The neutral sodium atom (11 protons) has an electron configuration of ls 2s 2p 3s The sodium cation has lost an electron — the valence electron, which is farthest away from the nucleus (the 3s electron, in this case). The electron configuration of Na is ls 2s 2p . [Pg.51]

What is the wavelength of the transition from n = 4 to n = 3 for Li " In what region of the spectrum does this emission occur Li " is a hydrogen-like ion. Such an ion has a nucleus of charge +Ze and a single electron outside this nucleus. The energy levels of the ion are —where Z is the atomic number. [Pg.292]

Hydrogen-like ions These are ions having a single electron left. The energy levels of these ions are exactly the same as those of the hydrogen atom except that they are increased by a factor Z, where Z is the atomic number of the ion. [Pg.1323]

Racah parameters The parameters used to express quantitatively the inter-electronic repulsion between the various energy levels of an atom. Generally expressed as B and C. The ratios between B in a compound and B in the free ion give a measure of the nephelauxetic effect. ... [Pg.339]

The simplest example is that of tire shallow P donor in Si. Four of its five valence electrons participate in tire covalent bonding to its four Si nearest neighbours at tire substitutional site. The energy of tire fiftli electron which, at 0 K, is in an energy level just below tire minimum of tire CB, is approximated by rrt /2wCplus tire screened Coulomb attraction to tire ion, e /sr, where is tire dielectric constant or the frequency-dependent dielectric function. The Sclirodinger equation for tliis electron reduces to tliat of tlie hydrogen atom, but m replaces tlie electronic mass and screens the Coulomb attraction. [Pg.2887]

The splitting of the d orbital energy levels when ligands are bonded to a central transition atom or ion has already been mentioned (p. 60). Consider the two ions [Co(NH3)g] and [Co(NH3)g] we have just discussed. The splitting of the d orbital energy levels for these two ions is shown in Figure 13.2. [Pg.365]

These wavefunetions and energy levels are sometimes used to model the motion of eleetrons in a eentral metal atom (or ion) whieh is surrounded by six ligands. [Pg.83]

Whereas the gas lasers described use energy levels characteristic of individual atoms or ions, laser operation can also employ molecular energy levels. Molecular levels may correspond to vibrations and rotations, in contrast to the electronic energy levels of atomic and ionic species. The energies associated with vibrations and rotations tend to be lower than those of electronic transitions thus the output wavelengths of the molecular lasers tend to He farther into the infrared. [Pg.6]

Fig. 2. Energy level diagram where K—N correspond to electron energy levels for an atom, X to electrons in a particular energy level, and 0 to an empty slot in an energy level (1). Above the dashed line is the unbound state, (a) An atom of Ni, 28 electrons, in the lowest energy or ground state (b) an ion of Ni where on electron from the K level has been excited to the unbound state (c) the process by which Ni returns to the ground state where each arrow represents a transition for an electron from one level to another and (d) the energies of the levels in keV from which the energy of the emitted x-rays may... Fig. 2. Energy level diagram where K—N correspond to electron energy levels for an atom, X to electrons in a particular energy level, and 0 to an empty slot in an energy level (1). Above the dashed line is the unbound state, (a) An atom of Ni, 28 electrons, in the lowest energy or ground state (b) an ion of Ni where on electron from the K level has been excited to the unbound state (c) the process by which Ni returns to the ground state where each arrow represents a transition for an electron from one level to another and (d) the energies of the levels in keV from which the energy of the emitted x-rays may...

See other pages where Energy levels atoms + atomic ions is mentioned: [Pg.287]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.286]    [Pg.575]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.3148]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.372]    [Pg.5448]    [Pg.463]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.625]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.520]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.495]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.802]    [Pg.1145]    [Pg.1822]    [Pg.1841]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.229]    [Pg.575]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.1]    [Pg.6]   
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