Energy deposition chemical change produced

The MD simulations provided the necessary thermodynamic information to obtain the equilibrium configurations of the films. Often the deposition process will produce films which are not in the equilibrium configuration, and then the problem is to determine the stablity of these films against changes in morphology. Here simulations can also be helpful, since data on the surface energies and chemical potentials of strained films can be used to calculate the probability of cluster nucleation, using classical nucleation theory. 

Most of the chemical dosimeters consist of a bulk component, often a liquid in which practically the total energy imparted by the ionizing radiation is deposited, and a solute that reacts with the radiation-induced species formed by the reaction of the bulk component to produce the observed chemical change. 

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