Endothermy systemic

An endothermie reaetion A —> R is performed in three-stage, eon-tinuous flow stirred tank reaetors (CFSTRs). An overall eonversion of 95% of A is required, and the desired produetion rate is 0.95 x 10 kmol/see of R. All three reaetors, whieh must be of equal volume, are operated at 50°C. The reaetion is first order, and the value of the rate eonstant at 50°C is 4 x 10 see The eoneentration of A in the feed is 1 kmol/m and the feed is available at 75°C. The eontents of all three reaetors are heated by steam eondensing at 100°C inside the eoils. The overall heat transfer eoeffieient for the heat-exehange system is 1,500 J/m see °C, and the heat of reaetion is -1-1.5 x 10 J/kmol of A reaeted. 

Consider the reaction A -> B —> C in an adiabatie CSTR reaetor with the first reaetion exothermie and the seeond reaetion endothermie. How many steady states ean this system exhibit ... 

Because of the complexity of this system, it may be useful to briefly summarize the key steps thought to be involved in the evolution of endothermy in the tunas ... 

Thermogenesis and Regional Endothermy in Plants UCPs and Alternative Oxidase Systems... 

These traits have received most study in tunas, a group of fishes noted for continuous swimming and for major anatomical differences from other fishes. Of particular importance in the anatomical organization of tunas is the internalization of red muscle, an anatomical feature that appears critical for allowing endothermy to develop. In most fishes, the red muscle is located superficially, where it would be difficult, if not impossible, to prevent loss of metabolically generated heat to the environment. The internalization of the red muscle mass in tunas isolates this tissue from close contact with seawater. There is also an effective isolation from the medium of the circulatory system within red muscle countercurrent exchangers interspersed between red muscle and the arterial circulation supplying the tissue allow much of the heat produced in red muscle to be retained, rather than lost to the environment. 

The analysis that follows begins with a consideration of the proximate causes of systemic endothermy, an issue that can be approached by asking, How does an ectothermic vertebrate like a reptile differ from a mammal in terms of mechanisms for supporting endother-... 

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