Endogenous rocks

Igneous rocks (sometimes called magmatic rocks or endogeneous rocks) are rocks resulting from the solidification on cooling of a molten silicate material called magma and occur in a wide variety of forms of different shapes and sizes. The magma is characterized by ... 

Rock, K.L. etal., Natural endogenous adjuvants, Springer Semin. Immunopathol., 26,231, 2005. 

The REE data suggest that these carbonate rocks cannot be carbonatites of mantle origin. However, it is noteworthy that the range of compositional variations of typical carbonatite family rocks overlaps with those of sedimentary, metamorphic, and endogenic carbonate rocks (Samoilov 1991). Samoilov (1991) explained that one reason for the significant compositional variations of the carbonatites were due to different types of the associated alkaline rocks under different geologic-tectonic settings. 

Figure 1. The exogenic and endogenic cycles showing interchanges of matter between the biosphere, oceans, atmosphere and geological rocks. These features are usual in the biogeochemical cycles of different elements (from Engel and Macko, 1993).

Endogenous molecules have also been shown to induce co-stimulatoiy activity of dendritic cells. These molecules, such as uric acid (Shi et al., 2003), may, for instance, originate from necrotic cells (Sauter et al., 2000 Shi Rock, 2002). 

Shi Y Rock KL (2002) Cell death releases endogenous adjuvants that selectively enhance immune surveillance of particulate antigens. EurJ Immunol, 32(1) 155-162. 

It is remarkable, that only after the endogene alteration processes had finished, the rock has been exposed to the exogene processes of weathering. The change of mineral content and the increase of... 

Chemical equilibrium and mass transfer mechanisms (chemical reactions, diffusion, fluid flow (advection), adsorption, etc.) (Chaps. 1,2, and 3) are examined in order to illustrate the compositional variation that exists within water (ground water, hydrothermal solution, seawater) and weathered and hydrothermally altered rocks and soils. To better understand the subsystems of the earth, equilibrium and mass transfer coupling models are apphed to the seawater system, as an example of a low-temperature exogenic system, and hydrothermal systems, as an example of high-temperature endogenic systems (Chap. 4). 

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