Endocytosis, definition

Multiple physiological roles for IP6 and the diphosphoinositol polyphosphates have been proposed, including effects on endocytosis and mRNA transport [3] however, definitive evidence for many of these functions is lacking. Such studies are complicated by possible nonspecific effects of this highly negatively charged molecule. Of note is the report of an IP6/IP7-dependent protein kinase activity that phosphorylates pacsin/syndapin I, a protein involved in synaptic vesicle recycling [21]. 

Kinetic studies were attempted at 4, 15, 25 and 37 °C, but the colloids tended to aggregate at all temperatures above 4°C. Four models were used to determine the binding mechanisms from the kinetic data. A detailed analysis of binding at 4 °C, was made. Models were set up involving one or two surface sites which also satisfied the overall kinetics but the analyses were not definitive. Although it was demonstrated that the cells were capable of endocytosis of fluorescence-conjugated transferrin, there was no evidence for the endocytosis of the cationic colloids. 

Enantiotopic atoms or groups 479 Endergonic reactions 286 Endo ring conformation 212 Endocytosis 13,425-427 Endoderm 23 Endoglucanases 602 Endoglycanases 593, 602 Endonexin SeeAnnexin Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 10,13,14, 521 cisternae of 14 definition of 14 in micrograph 13 rough 14 smooth 14 Endosomes 13, 426 Endosperm 30... 

An important question is how to achieve the most efficient delivery of PNA. This problem does not usually have a definite answer and many different factors must be considered. Table 1 reviews the main types of PNA-peptide conjugates and indicates the most important issues in each case. The internalization routes are schematically drawn in Fig. 2. Depending on the peptide attached, the PNA oligomer is internalized via endocytosis or directly delivered across the cell membrane. For nuclear localization signals (NLS) and tetralysine (K4) the delivery route is not clear yet. The same holds true for nuclear delivery with CPPs. Some CPPs (e.g., transportan) have been shown to accumulate in the nucleus, while others have not. 

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