Embedment length

In this method [89], a single fiber is taken and partially embedded in a drop of uncured resin placed on a holder. The resin is then cured with the fiber held upright. The holder, with resin and fiber, is held in a grip attached to the crosshead and then pulled out from the resin. The force pulling the fiber out of the resin is balanced by shear stress at the resin-fiber interface holding the fiber in place. The maximum shear stress occurs as the embedded length tends to zero and is given by ... 

Details of the instability conditions of the debond process and Zmax are discussed in Section 4.3.4. Further, the solution for the initial frictional pull-out stress, (T, upon complete debonding is determined when the debond length, , reaches the embedded length, L, and the crack tip debond stress, ai, is zero ... 

The AFM chip, containing the AFM cantilever and tip, is then translated away from the polymer surface, resulting in continued bending of the cantilever. The nanotube pulls out of the polymer at a critical bending of the cantilever (b). This bending deflection, D, is calculated from the position of the cantilever before and after the pullout. The nanotube embedded length is calculated by the difference between the nanotube free length in (a) and (b). With permission from to Wiley and Sons (22). 

The critical fiber length, can be derived from a similar force balance for an embedded length of IJ2. Thus,... 

Here L is 1-m since the embedded length of coated material is united in the experiments. At a given frequency regime, the amplitude of the Fourier transforms of the flange reflection and the weld reflection before embedding are denoted by Af and, respectively, and after embedding by AF and Aw, respectively. This attenuation corresponds to Equation (5) of a for the excited frequency propagating in the pipe. 

In Equation (9.13), is the debonding force, Pf is the measured perimeter of the henequen fibre and 4 is the fibre-embedded length. In the case of the single fibre fragmentation test the IFSS is calculated with Equation 9.14 ... 

The shear lag analysis proposed by Greszczuk [6] shows that the shear strength Tj is varied along the embedded length as described in Rgure 3. This stress is given by ... 

The meniscus that is formed on the fiber by the resin makes the measurement of the embedded length somewhat inaccurate. 

Pull-out test In this test, the force to pull a single filament out of a resin block or a micro droplet is determined. The average shear strength r, can be related to the embedded length le. ... 

Clearly the ability of the geosynthetic to interface with the soil and be anchored by it is a key element in the transfer of the tensile force and hence performance of the reinforced soil structure. Thus soil-geosynthetic interaction, or interface friction, becomes critical as it governs the soil-fabric bonding strength. The required embedded length or bond length is determined by this parameter. 

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