Embden-Meyerhof pathway. See

Since the completion of this manuscript in 1992, Schafer and Schonheit [ 110] have demonstrated that gluconeogenesis in P. furiosus proceeds via the reactions of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (see section 2.4). 

All species of yeast can catabolize D-glucose, and the reaction sequences responsible for this metabolism are also those of the breakdown of other sugars. So, the breakdown of D-glucose will be considered first. Probably, most yeasts break D-glucose down to pyruvate by the glycolytic (or Embden-Meyerhof) pathway (see... 

Metabolic Functions. The formation of phosphate esters is the essential initial process in carbohydrate metaboHsm (see Carbohydrates). The glycolytic, ie, anaerobic or Embden-Meyerhof pathway comprises a series of nine such esters. The phosphogluconate pathway, starting with glucose, comprises a succession of 12 phosphate esters. 

Elimination reaction, 138. 383-393 biological examples of, 393 summary of, 393-394 Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 1143-1150 see also Glycolysis... 

The oxidative pathway for the metabolism of D-glucose 6-phosphate (XLV), distinctive from the glycolytic, Embden-Meyerhof route (see p. 200) and known as the hexose monophosphate shunt, was suggested by certain experiments of Warburg,200 Gerischer,207 Lipmann,208 and Dickens209... 

Two metabolic patterns are discernible from the results. Carbon atoms 2, 1, and 7 of shikimate (VI) are derived almost equally from G-1,6, G-2,5, and G-3,4, respectively. In the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of hexose metabolism (see Fig. 2), D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate is cleaved to 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone phosphate (G-1,2,3) and D-glycerose 3-phosphate (G-4,5,6), and the two trioses are interconverted by triose phosphate isomerase. The observed randomization of label between Cl and C6, C2 and C5, and C3 and C4 of hexose therefore implies that C2, Cl, and C7 of shikimate are derived from a 3-carbon intermediate of glycolysis. The small but significant preponderance of G-6 over G-1, of G-5 over G-2, and, presumably, of G-4 over G-3, can be explained by recent observations that, in the aldolase cleavage of D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate, the 1,3-dihy-... 

It has been suggested that the shunt system evolved prior to the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, possibly before plants and animals had properly distinguished themselves from their simpler ancestors (see Chapter 13), If this were so, the Embden-Meyerhof route would represent a later, more sophisticated, development. 

Triose can enter one of two pathways Either it is broken down further according to the Embden-Meyerhof scheme (see below), or two molecules of triose condense to form a new molecule of hexose (fructose diphosphate) which may reenter the cycle. It is possible, therefore, to decompose hexose completely to CO2 and coenzyme-bound hydrogen (NADPH2). Unlike NADH2, NADPH2 cannot produce... 

Calculations from the data indicated that oxidative metabolism produced heat of I pW per cell. The Embden-Meyerhof pathway to furnish lactate was estimated to give 1.8 pW per cell. Using an elderly LKB model 10700-1 flow calorimeter (see Reference 28) to pump the cell suspension from a stirred vessel, the heat production was found to be 2.5 pW per cell. Compared to the calculated value of 2.8 pW per cell, the similarity was considered to be within the experimental error to justify that all the catabolic pathways had been held to account for the respiratory burst. 

The biochemistry of alcoholic fermentation involves a series of internal enzyme-mediated oxidation-reduction reactions m which glucose is degraded via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway See also Carbohydrates and Glycolysis. 

Homofermentative LAB convert glucose via the Embden-Meyerhof Par-nas (EMP) pathway to lactic acid and 2 moles of ATP/glucose utilized (see... 

---