Elizabeth I, Queen

Until a few hundred years ago, sugar was strictiy a luxury item. Queen Elizabeth I is credited with putting it on the table in the now familiar sugarbowl, but it was so expensive that it was used only on the tables of royalty. Sugar production reached large volume at a reasonable price only by the eighteenth century. 

Wolley, Benjamin. The Queen s Conjurer the science and magic of Dr. John Dee, advisor to Queen Elizabeth I. Henry Holt Company, 2001. ISBN 0805065091... 

These alchemical three flasks were bequeathed by an adept, Clement Oldfield, to Queen Elizabeth I, who after some subterfuge sold them to Roloff Peterson of Lubeck. This correspondence is preserved in the Domestic State Papers. I show here the summaries of the contents of each letter from the Catalogue of the State Papers"... 

Hibbert, Christopher. The Virgin Queen Elizabeth I, genius of the Golden Age. Reading (MA) Addison-Wesley, 1991. 

DiYanni, Robert. One Hundred Great Essays (New York Longman, 2001) great variety, including works by Queen Elizabeth I, Benjamin Franklin, Zora Neale Hurston, James Thurber, and Amy Tan. 

During this time the courts of Europe were awash with pearls from South America, and from their own rivers. Queen Elizabeth I of England certainly overindulged in pearls. She wore ropes of them that reached her knees, and it is said that she had 3000 dresses embroidered with them, but it is interesting to note that a lot of the pearls on her clothes were imitations. 

But Anne also produced a daughter, the future Queen Elizabeth I. 

Thirty years later, and long before the clash with Spain, his daughter Queen Elizabeth I reissued the command, raising the penalty to five shillings. Elizabeth may not have had the best interests of the realm in mind when she issued this proclamation, however. Most of the hemp seed in England was sold by a Lawrence Cockson, a man who enjoyed the queen s favor. If English farmers complied with the royal proclamation, he stood to make a lot of money. 

In 1573 Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford, brought Elizabeth I not only scented sachets, but also perfumed gloves and jerkins. Entranced, Elizabeth, the Queen who had a bath every three months whether she needed it or no , became a fragrance enthusiast and the use of fragrances gradually became de rigueur in court. 

John Dee was the son of one of Henry VIII s court officials. Dee believed that he too was descended from the ancient kings of Britain. He believed that he was a distant cousin of Queen Elizabeth I and it is true that the Queen seemed indulge him, keeping him near as her personal astrologer. 

The Virgin Queen, Astraea, symbolized Elizabeth I. Romantic Elizabethans thought that Astraea s return to earth would inaugurate a golden age of virtue, justice, peace and plenty. This age, the Age of Aquarius, is nowadays approaching. 

The Tudor rose of Edward VI emerged from a pomegranate, the Israelite symbol of royalty and fertility. Queen Elizabeth I s Tudor rose bore the motto Rosa sine spina or rose without a thorn. It symbolized her identification with the Virgin Queen. 

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