Electrosynthesis with ultrasound

This chapter comprises a brief introduction to electrosynthesis, with reference to electroanalysis, a domain where, with physical electrochemistry, there have been striking developments from combination with ultrasound. Readers interested in the application of ultrasound at some other point in the electrochemical procedure, for example to clean electrodes prior to making up the cell, or in pretreatment of electrolytes, are directed towards a more extensive review of sono-electrochemistry. ... 

Electrosynthesis Under Ultrasound and Centrifugal Fields, Fig. 2 SEM images of polyaniline films prepared (a) without and (b) with ultrasonication... 

This section concerns not only organic and organometallic electrosynthesis, but also electroinitiated polymerizations and other processes based on organic systems. Reference to sonoelectrochemiluminescence is made where appropriate. (This topic is further elaborated in Section 5.2.) All these aspects have been less widely studied under ultrasound than either electroanalysis or the electrochemistry of metal systems, with only a few sporadic reports prior to the 1980s. There has since been... 

Electrochemistry Almost any electrochemical process benefits from the presence of ultrasound with improved current efficiency and the prevention of electrode fouling. These advantages are particularly evident in electroplating but can be also beneficial in electrosynthesis and electroanalytical chemistry. 

---