Electrostatic potential maps fluorobenzene

This polarization, in turn, causes the ring carbons to bind the it electrons more tightly, decreases their availability to an approaching electrophile, raises the activation energy for electrophilic aromatic substitution, and decreases the reaction rate. Figure 12.6 illustrates this effect by comparing the electrostatic potential maps of fluorobenzene and benzene. 

Electrostatic potential maps of benzene and fluorobenzene. The high electronegativity of fluorine causes the TT electrons of fluorobenzene to be more strongly held than those of benzene. This difference is reflected in the more pronounced red color associated with the TT electrons of benzene. The color scale is the same for both models. 

MO Calculations and Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Some all-valence-electron CNDO/2 SCF-MO calculations on fluorobenzene, hexafluorobenzene, pentafluoro-anisole, and some derived Wheland intermediates have been reported in a paper which is mainly concerned with derivatives of pyridine and the diazines (see p. 467). An MO-LCAO-SCF study of the electronic structure of fluorobenzene has yielded the electrostatic molecular potential and isopotential maps which are consistent with a poru-directing influence of fluorine in electrophilic substitution, ... 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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