Electrostatic energy, definition

The uncertainties of these numbers ( 3 kcal) are so great that it is difficult to draw such a definite conclusion. For example, the electrostatic energy could be as large as 0 kcal and the delocalization as small as 5 kcal with the stated uncertainties. But the comments which I made in my paper about a possible cancellation of the delocalization and repulsion forces can be regarded (if we wish to do so) as evidence that the electrostatic term is physically the most dominant. 

Figure 1.13 Definition of the source volume of an electrostatic energy analyser. In the case shown, the diameter of the source volume is determined by the diameter of the photon beam, and the restricted length Azmax by diaphragms in the electron spectrometer which prevent the acceptance of electrons from regions outside of Azmax. The average length, Az, usually identified with the length is also indicated.

The mathematical description of the edl begins with the definition of a free energy functional which has the minimum contributions of electrolyte ion entropy and total electrostatic energy [10,11]... 

The local internal field FA is produced by an external field EA. To account for the Onsager cavity101 in the medium (see below), the ratio of Fa to Ea is qA for the sake of generality. By definition, Aa/Ea = eA, the microscopic or local static dielectric constant in element dV, which may be a function of the (external or internal) field. Since Ep>a + Ec = Fa - Aa, the total electrostatic energy in the volume element dV is given by ... 

The state with the symmetric spin part is labeled the triplet state while the state with the antisyimnetric spin part is the singlet state. As seen below in the context of the hydrogen molecule, there is an electrostatic energy difference AEs,t between the singlet and triplet states. By definition this energy difference equals the exchange energy. 

At moderate deviations from the equilibrium, we can chose the adiabatic potential of the movable quantum dot as detailed above. The first part is the potential energy Upot of the dispersion interaction in the harmonic approximation. The second part accounts for the electrostatic energy of charging. By definition, it is the minimum energy required for adding charge Q to the quantum dot ... 

In previous section, by considering the electrostatic energy of the quantum dot charging we have determined the tunnel curves using the phenomenological approach. A strict definition of the tunnel curves as total electronic energy at a fixed dot location between leads is implied by the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic strategy. For the quantum-mechanical computation of the tunnel curves, the information about (1) the spatial profile of electrostatic potential and (2) the electron and ion distributions of the SET is required as an input. 

The definition of the Madelung potential follows from the expression of the electrostatic energy of a lattice of point charges ... 

We recognize on the right side (the first two terms) the complete first-order contribution i.e., the electrostatic energy (Feist) and the valence repulsion energy (F pj,). From the definition of the induction and dispersion energies [Eqs. (13.13) on p. 808], as well as fi-om the reduced resolvent Rq of Eq. (10.76) on p. 644. (applied here to the individual molecules), one may write... 

On the other hand, the actual peeling of the LDPE film from the aluminum foil yields a specific peel work of 1 J/m, which is about 600 times that of the Thus, the specific peel energy is much larger than the stored electrostatic energy due to the presence of the EDL. This is an indication that the electrostatic component is only a fraction of the total adhesive strength. Thus, this result still cannot serve as definitive proof for Deryagin s hypothesis on the dominant role of EDL in adhesion. 

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