Electrostatic charges and

We saw in Chapter 5 that there is a driving force tending to make dispersions of precipitates in alloys coarsen and we would expect a dispersion of droplets in water vapour to do the same. Water droplets in clouds, however, carry electrostatic charges and this gives a different result for the driving force. 

Treatment of the isomeric l,3a,4,6a- (220) and 1,3a,6,6a- (91) dibenzotetraazapentalenes with mixed acid or fuming nitric acid forms z-TACOT (225) and y-TACOT (231), respectively. 438 z xaCOT (225) and y-TACOT (231) are highly insensitive to impact and electrostatic charge and exhibit extremely high thermal stability (ignition temperature 494 °C, DTA curve 354 °C). 

For work with solutions, and in particular with solid materials, precautions against electrostatic charging and the effects of air currents have to be taken, and standard radiochemical techniques should be used. The handling techniques required for other technetium isotopes such as Tc are described below (Scheme 2). 

Description of Methods Used for Evaluating Electrostatic Charges and Sensitivities of Explosives to Electrostatic Discharges. 

L. Schmitz, Chem Ing Tech 21, 386-89 (1949) CA44, 1259 (1950) (Measurement of electrostatic charge and ignition sensitivity of various primary and initiating explosives) 7) R.F. Wilkerson "Research and Development in the Field... 

Sulfur, for example, builds up an electrostatic charge and may introduce explosive risks. 

The acidic properties of coordinated water in aquo cations vary enormously with the cation. Table 10 contains p KX values,19-226 where KX = [M(OH)(OH2 ) r,1)+][H+ (aq)]/M(OH2 )nx+ ][H20], with [H20] taken as unity.7 There is an approximate correlation with electrostatics (charges and ionic radii), but such properties as oxidizing power and softness complicate the pattern.227... 

The crystal lattice energy can be estimated from a simple electrostatic model When this model is applied to an ionic crystal only the electrostatic charges and the shortest anion-cation intermiclear distance need be considered. The summation of all the geometrical interactions be/Kveeti the ions is called the Madelung constant. From this model an equatitWjor the crystal lattice energy is derived ... 

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