Electrosprays monodisperse droplets

Deng, W., J.F. Klemic, X.Li, M.A. Reed, and A. Gomez. Increase of electrospray throughput using multiplexed microfabricated sources for the scalable generation of monodisperse droplets. Journal of Aerosol Science 37(6) (2006) 696-714. 

Figure 13. Different f(Hms of electrospray at the tip of the spray capilary. (a) Cone jet mode. Relation p between radius of droplets and radius of jet Rj /Rj 1.9. Much smaller, satellite droplets can also be [HXKluced (see small drc let in this figure). Hiese are more common at higher flow rates. In such cases, two types of monodisperse droplets are observed the large progeny droplets and the small (satellite) IHx>geny. (b), (c) Multijet modes result as the spray voltage is increased and the flow rate imposed by the syringe is high. (After Cloupeau. )...

Tang, K. Gomez, A. Generation by electrospray of monodisperse water droplets for targeted drug delivery by inhalation. J. Aerosol Sci. 1994, 25 (6), 1237-1249. 

Generation of monodisperse water droplets from electrosprays in a corona-assisted cone-jet mode. /. Colloid Sci., 175, 326—332 (d) Tang, K. and Gomez, A. 

The size distributions of colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles 74 nm to 14 nm in diameter are analyzed on-line. The sols are first diluted in water seeded with enough TFA to attain electrical conductivities in the range of 0.01 S/m. The solution is then finely dispersed into an atmosphere of CO2 via a Taylor cone-jet. The resisting electrospray of ultrafine droplets dries, transferring the solution particles virtually uncontaminated into the gas. There they are sized by means of a differential mobility analyzer and an inertial impactor of unusually high resolution. The technique is first tested successfully with previously calibrated monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres 74 to 21 nm in diameter. It is then used to size a solution of colloidal silica with particle diameters nominally between 10 and 14 nm. 

J. Aerosol Sci. 1994, 25, 1237-1249. (c) Tang, K. Gomez, A. Generation of monodisperse water droplets fiom electrosprays in a corona-assisted cone-jet mode. J. ColloidSci. 1995,175,326-323. (d)Tang, K. Gomez, A. Monodisperse electrosprays of low electric conductivity liquids in the cone-jet mode. J. Colloid Sci. 1996, 184, 500-511. 

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