Electrophosphorescence white light

B.W. D Andrade, R.J. Holmes, and S.R. Forrest, Efficient organic electrophosphorescent white-light-emitting device with a triple doped emissive layer, Adv. Mater., 16 624—628 (2004). 

D Andrade B W, Holmes R J and Forrest S R, Efficient Organic Electrophosphorescent White-Light-Emitting Device with a Triple Doped Emissive Layer Advanced Materials, 16, 7, (April, 2004), 624-628... 

X Gong, D Moses, AJ Heeger, and S Xiao, White light electrophosphorescence from polyfluorene-based light-emitting diodes utilization of fluorenone defects, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108 8601-8605,2004. 

D Andrade B.W., Brooks J., Adamovich V., Thompson M.E., Forrest S.R., "White Light Emission Using Triplet Excimers in Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Devices" Advanced Materials, 14,15, August 2002, (1032-1036). 

Kalinowski J., Cocchi M., Virgili D., Fattoii V., and Gareth Williams J. A., Mixing of Excimer and Exciplex Emission A New Way to Improve White Light Emitting Organic Electrophosphorescent Diodes, Advanced Materials 19, 22, (November, 2007), 4000-4005... 

Fig. 4.30 shows the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, with coordinates corresponding to the emission from electrophosphorescent PLEDs data points are shown for devices (open circles) biased at different current densities. In Fig. 4.30, the dotted line indicates different color temperatures the dotted oval indicates the approximate area where the human eye perceives the color as white. The CIE coordinates for the Ir(HFP)3 PFO-F(l%) PFO devices are (0.352, 0.388) at J = 1 mA/cm2, very close to the CIE coordinates for pure white light, (0.333, 0.333). The CIE coordinates show only minor shifts at different J. The stability of the CIE coordinates as a function of the brightness and applied voltage is much better than reported previously for PLEDs/OLEDs [11, 50-55]. 

FIGURE 2.6 (A) Chemical structures of white light-emitting polymers 93-97. (B) Chemical structures of electrophosphorescent polymers 98-103. 

Tanaka I, Suzuki M, Tokito S. White light emission from polymer electrophosphorescent light-emitting devices doped with iridium complexes. Jpn J Appl Phys Part 1 2003 42(5A) 2737 0. 

V. Adamovich, J. Brooks, A. Tamayo, A.M. Alexander, P.I. Djurovich, B.W. D Andrade, C. Adachi, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, High efficiency single dopant white electrophosphorescent light emitting diodes, New J. Chem., 26 1171-1178 (2002). 

Adamovich V., Brooks J., Tamayo A., Alexander A. M., Djurovich P.I., Andrade B. W. D., Adachi C, Forrest S. R. and Thompson M. E., "High efficiency single dopant white electrophosphorescent light emitting diodes". New J. Chem., 262002,1171. 

---