Electronic coupling engineered proteins

There is some evidence that the collective modes are coupled to the electronic transitions in proteins, although these measurements are somewhat indirect since no one has yet seen direct Debye-Waller factors in the ZPL fluorescence work. The main evidence has come from the work of Vos et al. involving electron transfer studies in photosynthetic reaction centers. Martin and collaborators have engineered a mutant of the photo-... 

An engineered glucose oxidase made by the incorporation of ferrocene derivatives into the enzyme has a similar effect [134]. A covalent coupling of ferrocene carboxylic acids to the enzyme (12 ferrocene moieties attached [135]) enables direct tunneling of electrons through the protein from ferrocene to ferrocene and hence to a clean metal electrode surface. 

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