Electron tunnel routes

In-situ STM has been approached theoretically. Focus has been on (a) solvent polarization effects on the metallic electronic structure [58, 59] (b) local pseudopotentials [59] (c) electron timnel routes through networks of quantum dots [60] (d) time correlation effects and noise [60] (e) resonance tunneling [62, 63], and... 

Early works on electron transfer in RC from Chromatium vinosum [204] and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides [205] demonstrated that these could occur down to 1 K. Then authors of [9] recognized that the oxidation of cytochrome c in Chromatium vinosum at low temperatures occurs by a quantum mechanical tunneling mechanism, providing one of the first demonstrations of this phenomenon (see above and Refs. [232-237] for reviews). Figure 25 which represents the rates of the reactions at ambient temperatures and below 100 K, shows the remarkable capability of reaction centres to support nearly temperature-independent electron transfer at low temperatures. Indeed, for electron transfer from BPh to Qa and from QA to (BChl)2 the rates have been shown to become independent of temperature below 100 K [238-243], But it is necessary to note that electron transfer can occur in a RC also by an alternative thermally activated route which becomes dominant at high enough temperatures [244-248],... 

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