Electron spin resonance Emulsions

For effective demulsification of a water-in-oil emulsion, both shear viscosity as well as dynamic tension gradient of the water-oil interface have to be lowered. The interfacial dilational modulus data indicate that the interfacial relaxation process occurs faster with an effective demulsifier. The electron spin resonance with labeled demulsifiers suggests that demulsifiers form clusters in the bulk oil. The unclustering and rearrangement of the demulsifier at the interface may affect the interfacial relaxation process. 

It is not possible to discuss all the methods available for characterizing foods critically and systematically in a single volume. Methods pertaining to interfaces (food emulsions, foams, and dispersions), fluorescence, ultrasonics, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, Fourier-transform infrared and near infrared spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, dielectrics, microscopy, rheology, sensors, antibodies, flavor and aroma analysis are included. 

Electron spin resonance (ESR) Radical concentrations during emulsion polsmierization, lifetime of radicals in reaction compartments 454 56... 

Figure 9.7. Freeze-fracture TEM images and corresponding ESR spectra of the lipid nanoparticles labeled with cholestane, 0.025%. Top SEN (glyceryl behenate), middle NEC (glyceryl behenate/MCT 8 2) and bottom emulsion (MCT). Reprinted from J. Control. Rel., Vol. 119, C. Braem et al., Interaction of drug molecules with carrier systems as studied by parelectric spectroscopy and electron spin resonance, 128-135, Copyright (2004), with permission from Elsevier.

Ballard Ml, Gilbert RG, Napper DH, Pomery PJ, O Donnell JH. Application of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to emulsion polymerization. Macromolecules 1984 17 504-506. 

Cutting GR, Tabner BJ. Radical termination and radical concentrations during the batch emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Macromolecules 1993 26 951-955. 

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