Electron microscopy tethering

Different Pd nanoparticles were synthesized from the dendrimers of generations 0(9 tethers) to 2 (81 tethers). Transmission electron microscopy shows that generations Gi and G2 form dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles whose sizes correspond to Pd nanoparticles that contain the same number of Pd atoms as that of Pd ions initially coordinated to the triazoles inside the dendrimer, whereas Go is too small to encapsulate the nanoparticle formed. In this case, the nanoparticle is surrounded by a number of dendrimers that provide stabilization (Scheme 8.11). 

To probe the microscopie order of SAMs (here we will treat only nonelectroactive SAMs those containing tethered redox probes will be discussed later) under the conditions used during electrochemieal electron-transfer measurements, functional characterization is performed by cyclic voltammetric techniques. In this subsection, electrochemical blocking effect EBE) and double-layer capacitance (Cai) experiments are detailed. When these experiments are carried out using a struetural probe of molecular scale [30, 44, 45], they provide the greatest sensitivity to defects because the effects of defects and disorder dominate the electrochemical response. 

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