Electron geometry hybridization scheme from

TABLE 10.3 Hybridization Scheme from Electron Geometry... 

Benzene has a total of 30 valence electrons. To describe the bonding in benzene using hybrid orbitals, we first choose a hybridization scheme consistent with the geometry of the molecule. Because each carbon is surrounded by three atoms at 120° angles, the appropriate hybrid set is sp. Six locahzed C—C tr bonds and six localized C—H <7 bonds are formed from the sf hybrid orbitals, as shown in Figure 9.26(a). Thus, 24 of the valence electrons are used to form the a bonds in the molecule. 

Number of Electron Groups Electron Geometry (from VSEPR Theory) Hybridization Scheme... 

The molecule ethylene, C2H4, consists of an array of two carbon and four hydrogen atoms, in which each carbon is bonded to the other carbon and two hydrogens. Unlike methane, there are only three other atoms attached to carbon and therefore the geometry around each carbon is different than in methane. The VESPR rule requires that the three attached atoms be arranged in the same plane as the carbon and spaced approximately 120° apart from one another to minimize repulsions between the bonding electrons. This cannot be achieved using sp hybrid orbitals and so a different hybridization scheme is required, one that will result in three... 

For the Group 14 metallocenes, a simplified rationalization for the bent geometries uses valence bond hybridization arguments.143 The metal atom is considered approximately sp2 hybridized, with the lone pair of valence electrons occupying a stereochemically distinct region around the metal center (Fig. 12). Support for this scheme came from low-level MO calcula-... 

The bent coordination mode of NO can be considered to arise formally from NO , with the bent geometry suggesting sp hybridization at the nitrogen. By electroncounting scheme A, therefore, bent NO is considered the 2-electron donor NO by the neutral ligand model, it is considered a 1-electron donor. 

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