Electron, charge and mass

Here E(t) denotes the applied optical field, and-e andm represent, respectively, the electronic charge and mass. The (angular) frequency oIq defines the resonance of the hamionic component of the response, and y represents a phenomenological damping rate for the oscillator. The nonlinear restoring force has been written in a Taylor expansion the temis + ) correspond to tlie corrections to the hamionic... 

In these equations, e and m are respectively the electron charge and mass, v is the electron velocity at energy E, e is the base of natural logarithm, and 6max is the maximum transferable energy. 

In this relation, n, i, and o are number densities of electrons, ions, and neutrals, respectively ge, gi, and go are their statistical weights e and m are electron charge and mass and / is an ionization potential. For practical calculations, relation (2-41) can be presented in numerical form ... 

The dependence of dispersive attractions on the polariz-ibilities a of the two interacting atom, or groups i and j is described by the Slates-Kirkwood Eq. 3. e.g., quantifying the faetor b in Eq. 1. In Eq. 3, e and m refer to the electron charge and mass, n to the number of eleetrons in the valenee shell, and h to the Planck-Dirac eonstant. The polarizibility inereases with the size of the eleetron shell of atoms typieal values for ot can be found in the literature and in parameters of force fields. 

Larmor precession A precession of the motion of charged particles in a magnetic held. It was first deduced in 1897 by Sir loseph Larmor (1857-1942). Appli to the orbital motion of an electron around the nucleus of an atom in a magnetic held of flux density B, the frequency of precession is given by eB/4Ktnv i, where e and m are the electronic charge and mass respectively, p is the permeability, and vis the velocity of the electron. This is known as the Larmor frequency. 

The other quantities in Eq. 1 are the electron charge and mass e and m and Planck s constant h. Equation 1 shows that the tunneling current obeys Ohm s law (i.e., / oc V). It also depends exponentially on the distance d. For a typical work function value of 4 electronVolts (eV), the tunneling current reduces by a factor of 10 for every 0.1 nm increase in d. Considering a typical atomic diameter to be 0.3 nm, the tunneling current would change by a factor of 1,000 over this range. 

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