Electromotive electrolytic cells

Similar considerations apply of course to the opposing electromotive forces of polarisation during electrolysis, when the process is executed reversibly, since an electrolytic cell is, as we early remarked, to be considered as a voltaic cell working in the reverse direction. In this way Helmholtz (ibid.) was able to explain the fluctuations of potential in the electrolysis of water as due to the variations of concentration due to diffusion of the dissolved gases. It must not be forgotten, however, that peculiar phenomena—so-called supertension effects—depending on the nature of the electrodes, make their appearance here, and com-... 

Helmholtz equation puys chem The relationship stating that the emf (electromotive force) of a reversible electrolytic cell equals the work equivalent of the chemical reaction when charge passes through the cell plus the product of the temperature and the derivative of the emf with respect to temperature. helm,holts i.kwa-zhon hematin org chem C34ff3305N4Fe The hydroxide of ferriheme derived from oxidized heme. he mad an ... 

Understanding voltaic cells, anodes, and cathodes Figuring standard reduction potentials and electromotive force Zapping current into electrolytic cells... 

A single electrode potential, if defined as the difference in electrostatic potential between the spaces just outside the metal and the solution, is definite, but it cannot be measured by merely connecting up the phases with wires, and adjusting a potentiometer, until no current flows for this connexion introduces more than one phase boundary. Practically all electrolytic cells consist of at least three phase boundaries and the terminals at which the electromotive force of the cell is measured are, finally, of the same metal. There may, of course, be any. greater number of phase boundaries. A simple type of cell consists of two metals, M and M, dipping into a solution 8 containing the ions of each metal. 

Barbi, G.B., 1964, Thermodynamic functions and phase stability limits by electromotive force measurements on solid electrolytic cells. J. Phys. Chem., 68 1025-1029. 

Therefore, there is a possibility of the reaction occurring spontaneously however, this will produce no useful work. An alternative is to run the reaction in an electrolytic cell in which hydrogen and chlorine gases are metered into separate electrodes and the electromotive force (EMF) or voltage produced is almost balanced by the application of an external voltage. In this way the reaction will occur at a very slow rate and electrical Work can be obtained from the cell In this process chemical energy is directly converted to electrical energy. 

Elektrolytketten (About the Causes of the Electromotive Properties of Tissues, as well as a Contribution toward the Study of Polyphase Electrolytic Cells). 

In 1906, at the Institute of Physiology at Munich, Max Cremer published a paper titled "On the Origin of the Electromotive Properties of Tissues, at the Same Time a Contribution to the Study of Polyphasic Electrolytic Cells"(2). This paper is considered by many authors as the announcement of the discovery of the glass electrode. 

Aeration ceD An electrolytic cell whose electromotive force is due to electrodes of the same material located in different concentrations of dissolved air. 

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