Spectroscopy electromodulated reflectance

Apart from the above techniques, the electromodulated reflectance spectroscopy combined with cyclic voltammetry has been utilized by Gaigalas et al. [14] in the investigations of electron transfer between the 2Fe-2S protein putidaredoxin and either bare or bekanamycin-modified Ag electrode. Of the two models considered, the free diffusion model, as compared to the adsorbed layer model, exhibited better concordance with the experimental data. After modification of the Ag electrode with bekanamycin, it exhibited only a small increase in the observed redox reaction... 

Bewick and Tuxford " have used ac electromodulation reflectance spectroscopy with square wave modulation (stair case) from a potential in the double-layer range to various potentials in the anodic film range. They report the detection of film formation already at Eu = 0.7 V and that the signal associated with the film formation increases until 1.5 V where it levels off. They conclude that the general features of the wavelength dependence of the reflectance spectrum are determined primarily by the wavelength dependence of the optical properties of the Pt substrate and not by the film. 

The EQCM should always be used as an addition tool, in combination with common electrochemical techniques (such as EIS, chrono-coulometry, electromodulated reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and in situ STM and AFM techniques, as may be appropriate), not replacing them. 

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