Electromigration, mass effect

Phenomenologically the mass effect of electromigration can be written, in a linear approximation in relative isotopic differences, as (25)... 

The eigen-mass-effects of lithium electromigration, defined by... 

Mass-transport (i.e., diffusion or electromigration) effects are particularly acute in the cases of cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion, whereby occlusion effects can create highly concentrated solutions that move an otherwise stable system into regions of thermodynamic instability at the local level [13,14,41 3, 79-82]. When porous films or particular solution flow conditions exist, mass-transport effects should also be taken into account [83, 84]. Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of interfaces over the past few decades have provided some insight into the concentration gradients that occur close to the electrochemical interface [85-91], and these, coupled with computational fluid dynamics simulations, can indicate the extent to which mass-transport effects can dominate an overall corrosion scenario [92]. 

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