Electromagnetic wave wavelength

Complete the concept map using the following terms speed, c = v, electromagnetic waves, wavelength, characteristic properties, frequency, c, and hertz. 

X-rays are kinds of electromagnetic waves. Wavelengths of X-rays range from 1 pm to 10 nm. They are shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than y-rays. Energy of X-rays, E, ranging from 0.1 keV to 1 MeV, is calculated by the following equation ... 

IONIZING RADIATION The transfer of energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves of a wavelength of 100 nanometers or less or a frequency of 3 x 10 hertz or more capable of producing ions directly or indirectly. 

Each body having a temperate above absolute zero radiates energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. The amount of energy emitted is dependent on the temperature and on the emissivity of the material. The wavelength or frequency distribution (the spectrum) of the emitted radiation is dependent on the absolute temperature of the body and on the surface properties. 

Figure 12.11 Electromagnetic waves are characterized by a wavelength, a frequency, and an amplitude, (a) Wavelength (A) is the distance between two successive wave maxima. Amplitude is the height of the wave measured from the center. (b)-(c) What we perceive as different kinds of electromagnetic radiation are simply waves with different wavelengths and frequencies.

Electromagnetic waves are usually described in terms of (a) wavelength A (distance between the peaks of waves in cm, unless otherwise specified), (b) wavenumber v (number of waves per cm), and (c) the frequency v (number of waves per second). The three quantities are related as follows ... 

According to DIN 5031, section 7, the radiation in the wavelength ranging from 380 nm to 100 nm is called UV radiation. Electromagnetic waves have a double nature They could be described either as a wave or a photon. It is well known that each radiation has a certain quanmm of energy. 

In the theoretical section above, the nonlinear polarization induced by the fundamental wave incident on a planar interface for a system made of two centrosymmetrical materials in contact was described. However, if one considers small spheres of a centrosymmetrical material embedded in another centrosymmetrical material, like bubbles of a liquid in another liquid, the nonlinear polarization at the interface of a single sphere is a spherical sheet instead of the planar one obtained at planar surfaces. When the radius of curvature is much smaller than the wavelength of light, the electric field amplitude of the fundamental electromagnetic wave can be taken as constant over the whole sphere (see Fig. 7). Hence, one can always find for any infinitely small surface element of the surface... 

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between those of visible light waves and X-rays. Ultraviolet radiation is used in the examination of elastomers by spectroscopy. 

Electromagnetic waves of short wavelength 0.01 to 50 Angstrom units, which are produced when... 

The spectrum of electromagnetic waves, showing the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy... 

Figure 32.1 The spectrum of electromagnetic waves, showing the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy. (Modified from Kiefer, J. 1990. Biological Radiation Effects. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 444 pp.)...

The first cosine factor represents a wave like the originals with average wavelength and frequency and moving with velocity (uq + us2)/ k + k2). In the case of electromagnetic waves u = cAq and w2 = cfc2j so that v = c(ki + k2)/(ki + k2) = c, the original velocity. The composite wave however, has an amplitude that varies within a profile defined by the factor... 

The velocity of electromagnetic waves through any material other than the vacuum is (e ) 2 = v and the ratio n = c/v is called the index of refraction of that material. It follows that n = y /x/eoMo and, since the ratio n/fio 1, except for ferromagnetic materials, the index of refraction is commonly defined as the square root of the dielectric constant, e/e0- Since the frequency of the field is not affected by the medium, refraction can be described equally well as a change of the wavelength of light passing between different transparent media. 

One branch of chemistry where the use of quantum mechanics is an absolute necessity is molecular spectroscopy. The topic is interaction between electromagnetic waves and molecular matter. The major assumption is that nuclear and electronic motion can effectively be separated according to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, to be studied in more detail later on. The type of interaction depends on the wavelength, or frequency of the radiation which is commonly used to identify characteristic regions in the total spectrum, ranging from radio waves to 7-rays. 

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