Electromagnetic particle velocity gauge

The experimental methods for the determination of the detonation wave parameters can be classified into two groups. The first, the so-called internal methods group, includes the methods by which detonation parameters are directly determined. These are the determination of the mass velocity of the detonation products by the electromagnetic particle velocity gauge method, direct determination of the detonation pressure by a manganin pressure gauge, determination of the mass velocity of the detonation products by the flash X-ray technique, etc. The time resolution of these methods can be on a nanoseconds scale, which is still not sufficient for fully reliable study of a very narrow chemical reactions zone, and in particular, of a shock wave front. 

Determination of the Detonation Parameters Using the Electromagnetic Particle Velocity Gauge Technique... 

Leiper, G.A., Kirby, I.J., and Hackett, A. Determination of Reaction Rates in Intermolecular Explosives Using the Electromagnetic Particle Velocity Gauge, Proc. 8th Symposium (International) on Detonation, NSWC MP 86-194, Albuquerque, NM, 1985, pp. 187-195. 

---