Electromagnetic moments

Selected electromagnetic moments are presented in Tables III. Agreement for the electric quadrupole moment and magnetic moment for the 8]+ state is not very good for 88Zr(8 +). There are several electromagnetic transitions rates that can be compared The calculated value B(E2 8]+... 

Because of limitations of computer resources and of research personnel, c lcula jgns were previously performed for only about 25 nuclei ranging from 1 C to °Pu. It was shown [KUM84, and previous references cited there] that the major trends of the low-energy spectra and electromagnetic moments could be reproduced for the first time without any local parameters. More recently, the model has been extended in several directions. Because of space and time limitations, only three of these are discussed below. 

The electromagnetic moments for a number of (vii3/2)n isomeric states in light Pb isotopes have been determined. The quadrupole moments show a pronounced shell filling effect with an increased E2 polarization charge for A < 200. From the magnetic moments evidence for small wave function admixtures is obtained. 

Lazzeretti P, Malagoli M, Zanasi R (1991) Electromagnetic moments and fields induced by nuclear vibrational motion in molecules. Chem Phys Lett 179 297-302... 

A comprehensive theory of electric polarizabilities and magnetic susceptibilities has been developed [4-6], which accounts for the electromagnetic moments induced in the electron cloud by the switching on of an external time-dependent perturbation. 

During the late 1950 s and first part of the 60 s Ingvar made major contributions to our knowledge of spins and electromagnetic moments of nuclear ground and excited states. In the 1965 edition of the Bible of nuclear spectroscopy, Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-ray Spectroscopy , Editor K.Siegbahn, he contributed an exhaustive table of nuclear spins and moments, obtained with various techniques. 

Tunable diode laser spectroscopy has been employed in order to observe the Zeeman effect in the i.r. absorption of molecules with no electromagnetic moment, due to differences between the excited- and ground-state g-factors. Doppler-limited resolution was obtained for and CHjDI in the region 820—... 

The calculations give a reasonable description of the observed energy spectra, electromagnetic and P-decay transition rates, electromagnetic moments, and many other properties of nuclei with closed shells 2 nucleons. 

With the wave functions of the Nilsson model, it is also possible to calculate the electromagnetic moments and the gamma and beta transition probabilities between single-particle... 

Recently, major advances have been obtained in the microscopic description of few nucleon systems. Starting from realistic NN-, as well as NNN -interactions (see O Sects. 2.1.2.1 and O 2.3.1.3), many properties of 3 < A < 8 nuclei (energies of ground and excited states, radii, electromagnetic moments, etc.) have been described in agreement with experimental results. These calculations have three different frameworks ... 

The usual way to treat the interaction between electromagnetic fields or nuclear electromagnetic moments and molecules is a semi-classical way, where the fields or nuclear moments are treated classically and the electrons are treated by quantum mechanics. The fields or nuclear moments are thus not part of the system, which is treated quantum mechanically, but they are merely considered to be perturbations that do not respond to the presence of the molecule. They therefore enter the molecular Hamiltonian in terms of external potentials similar to the Coulomb potential due to the charges of the nuclei. This is therefore called the minimal coupling approach. 

Fulfillment of the Hellmaim—Feynman theorem In Chapters 4-7 we have seen that molecular properties can be defined either as derivatives of the electronic energy or as derivatives of molecular electromagnetic moments and fields. For exact states, which obviously fulfill the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, both definitions lead to the same expressions for the properties, but for an approximate method the same expression will only be obtained if the approximate method fulfills the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. 

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