Electromagnetic coupling

Subsequent investigation resulted in a technique of inducing the required negative potential at the fracture site by electromagnetic coupling through intact skin. This were reported by Basset et al. in 1974 and were reviewed by Basset in 1889. The main noninvasive technique in use is that of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). 

External fields are introduced in the relativistic free-particle operator hy the minimal substitutions (17). One should at this point carefully note that the principle of minimal electromagnetic coupling requires the specification of particle charge. This becomes particularly important for the Dirac equation which describes not only the electron, but also its antiparticle, the positron. We are interested in electrons and therefore choose q = — 1 in atomic units which gives the Hamiltonian... 

The most exciting property of these materials is that thin polycrystalline films can behave as two dimensional Josephson Tunnel Junction Arrays (110) displaying remarkably good electromagnetic coupling (111) both as emitters and receivers. Alternating current to direct current conversion has been observed in bulk samples (112), but the thin film geometry allows use of one film as a radiation emitter, and another film as the receiver (111). 

Moriwaki, K., Suzuki, M. and Murakami, T., Electromagnetic Coupling Effects in BaPb0 7Bi0 3Os Two-Dimensional ioseph-son Tunnel Junction Arrays. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 23(3) L181 (1984). 

The first section recalls the Frenkel-Davydov model in terms of a set of electromagnetically coupled point dipoles. A compact version of Tyablikov s quantum-mechanical solution is displayed and found equivalent to the usual semiclassical theory. The general solution is then applied to a 3D lattice. Ewald summation and nonanalyticity at the zone center are discussed.14 Separating short and long-range terms in the equations allows us to introduce Coulomb (dipolar) excitons and polaritons.15,16 Lastly, the finite extent of actual molecules is considered, and consequent modifications of the above theory qualitatively discussed.14-22... 

If we consider an anomalous domain consisting of one cell, expression (10.132) gives the exact solution. It will also be exact if we consider multiple cells located far away from each other. Physically, this means that formula (10.132) provides the first approximation for the solution with no electromagnetic coupling between the currents in different cells. The subsequent iterations of the method properly take into account the EM coupling effect. 

Consider now the inclusion of external fields. We do so by the recipe provided by the principle of minimal electromagnetic coupling. The quantized version of the substitutions (114) can be written in covariant notation as... 

Taking into account the electromagnetic coupling of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the low-frequency surface wave of the finite CNT bundle is analyzed. Geometric resonances of surface wave emerge and can be used for the qualitative interpretation of experimentally observed features in the optical response of CNT bundle-based composite mediums. 

Microwaves can be launched into the waveguide by using a coaxial cable. Electrostatic coupling employs a short probe which behaves as an anteima while electromagnetic coupling is possible by using a small closed loop as shown in... 

D. Teichmann, J. Foussier, J. Jia, et al, Noncontact Monitoring of Cardiorespiratory Activity by Electromagnetic Coupling, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 60, pp. 2142-2152, 2013. 

Fig. 3 Optofluidic architecture for waveguide-based transport (a) diagram of fluid/electromagnetic coupling at waveguide interface, (b) Cross section of guided mode...

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