Electrolytes ion exchange

DESAL [Desalination] A process for de-ionizing brackish waters by the use of two weak-electrolyte ion-exchange resins. 

Electrolyte Ion Exchange Membranes Mobilized or Immobilized Potassium Hydroxide Immobilized Liquid Phosphoric Acid Immobilized Liquid Molten Carbonate Ceramic Ceramic... 

Fuel cell Electrolyte (ions exchanged) Catalyst Fuel Oxidant Temperature (°C)... 

Jansen ML, Hofland GW, JJouwers J, Straathof AJJ, van der Wielen LAM, Luyben KCAM, van den Tweel WJJ (1996) Effect of pH and concentration on column dynamics of weak electrolyte ion exchange processes. AIChE J 42(7) 1925-1937... 

Electrolyte ion exchange membrane potassium hidroxyde phosphoric acid liquid molten carbonate ceramic... 

Fuels which have been used include hydrogen, hydrazine, methanol and ammonia, while oxidants are usually oxygen or air. Electrolytes comprise alkali solutions, molten carbonates, solid oxides, ion-exchange resins, etc. 

Ion-exchange columns can be substituted into the general HPLC instrument shown in Eigure 12.26. The most common detector measures the conductivity of the mobile phase as it elutes from the column. The high concentration of electrolyte in the mobile phase is a problem, however, because the mobile-phase ions dominate the conductivity, for example, if a dilute solution of HCl is used as the mobile phase, the presence of large concentrations of H3O+ and Ck produces a background conductivity that may prevent the detection of analytes eluting from the column. 

To minimize the mobile phase s contribution to conductivity, an ion-suppressor column is placed between the analytical column and the detector. This column selectively removes mobile-phase electrolyte ions without removing solute ions, for example, in cation ion-exchange chromatography using a dilute solution of HCl as... 

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell. The electrolyte in a PEFC is an ion-exchange (qv) membrane, a fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, which is a proton conductor (see Membrane technology). The only Hquid present in this fuel cell is the product water thus corrosion problems are minimal. Water management in the membrane is critical for efficient performance. The fuel cell must operate under conditions where the by-product water does not evaporate faster than it is produced because the membrane must be hydrated to maintain acceptable proton conductivity. Because of the limitation on the operating temperature, usually less than 120°C, H2-rich gas having Htde or no (

A newer technology for the manufacture of chromic acid uses ion-exchange (qv) membranes, similar to those used in the production of chlorine and caustic soda from brine (76) (see Alkali and cm ORiNE products Chemicals frombrine Mep rane technology). Sodium dichromate crystals obtained from the carbon dioxide option of Figure 2 are redissolved and sent to the anolyte compartment of the electrolytic ceU. Water is loaded into the catholyte compartment, and the ion-exchange membrane separates the catholyte from the anolyte (see Electrochemical processing). 

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