Electrokinetics, polysaccharides

It used to be thought that cations simply precipitated polyanions, but it was recognized later that electrolytes had special valence and solvent-mediated effects on a hydrosol other than neutralization of opposite charges (Holmes, 1922). It is now firmly established that ionization of the carboxyl and sulfuric acid groups in ionic polysaccharides, or adsorption of ions on neutral macromolecules, is an initial step in electrokinetic mechanisms of stabilization and destabilization. 

The thermophysical events in a can in the retort (dissolution, hydration, dehydration, gelatinization decrystallization, defibrillation, curling, uncurling, etc.) obviously must be complex. Charge superimposes electrostatic and electrokinetic reactions on the thermophysical processes. Broken-curve profiles for some polysaccharide foodstuffs manifest a transition from conduction to convection heating, as a tenuous, reversible suprastructure reverts to a liquefied mass under the influence of + A//mix. 

Mould and Synge have reported the electrokinetic ultrafiltration, on the analytical scale, of polysaccharides related to starch. 

Although peptides, proteins, polysaccharides and certain polymers have been used successfully in LC to separate chiral substances, they have found only limited use in miceller electrokinetic chromatography. Due to the large number of different chiral, dispersive and polar sites available... 

Electric field used in TLC (Mould DL and Synge RLM (1952) Electrokinetic ultrafiltration analysis of polysaccharides. A... 

Another example of the type of information that can be extracted from electrokinetic data is the hydro-dynamic thickness of ion-penetrable surface layers, e.g. surface-bound, neutral, hydrophilic polymers such as polyethers and polysaccharides (11). Surface-bound, neutral, hydrophilic polymers are known to dramatically reduce protein adsorption. The passivity of these surfaces has been attributed to steric repulsion, bound water, high polymer mobility, and excluded volume effects, all of which render adsorption unfavourable. Consequently, these polymer-modified surfaces have proven useful as biomaterials. Specific applications include artificial implants, intraocular and contact lenses, and catheters. Additionally, the inherent non-denaturing properties of these compounds has led to their use as effective tethers for affinity ligands, surface-bound biochemical assays and biosensors. 

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