Electrode, junction with superconducting

Figure 3. Tunneling spectrum of an A l-A I0x-Pb junction with no intentional dopants, for a 2 mV rms modulation voltage at 4.2 K (---) superconducting electrode, ( ---) Pb normal. Inelastic structures that are present even in a junction...

We will consider a junction with at most one superconducting electrode. Then we can set N2(E+eV-h >)=l. Differentiating Eq. 5 with respect to voltage ... 

If a conventional superconductor (S) described by a s-wave order parameter symmetry (OPS) is put together with a non conventional superconductor (D), described by a pure d-wave OPS, to form two junctions in a superconducting loop, as indicated in Fig. 4, a self 7r — frustrated loop is achieved [van Harlingen 1995], Indeed, one of the two SD junctions behaves as a conventional "0" junction, since the Josephson coupling is between the positive lobe of the d-wave superconductor (white color in Fig. 4) and the S electrode on the contrary, the other junction is a V junction, because the coupling is now between the S electrode and the negative lobe. As a consequence, a shift of 7r along the loop is achieved and the device is self-frustrated by a half flux quantum. 

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