Electrochemical cofactor recycling

Ketoreductases (KREDs) are dependent on nicotinamide cofactors NADH or NADPH. Due to the reaction mechanism, these rather costly cofactors are needed in stoichiometric amounts, disclosing an economic problem that has to be dealt with when using these enzymes. Many different possibilities for cofactor recycling have been established with three major approaches finding application in research and industry (Fig. 13). Further regeneration systems, such as electrochemical methods, are not discussed within this review [22-24, 37, 106-108],... 

Blaedel and Jenkins (1976) evaluated two LDH—NAD combinations for a reagentless lactate sensor (Fig. 55). NAD was either coimmobilized with LDH to cellulose or an NAD+-agarose complex was constrained together with LDH to a region near the electrode surface. By bringing the bound NAD into intimate physical contact with the electrode, the immobilized cofactor was recycled electrochemically and reused by the enzyme. This eliminated the need to supply NAD as a reagent. 

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