Electrochemical cells sonoelectrochemical cell

Fig. 4.1 (a) Electrochemical cell dipped in ultrasonic bath, (b) Klima sonoelectrochemical cell (Reprinted from [35]. Copyright (1999) with the permission from Elsevier)... 

For a combination of electrochemical processes and simultaneous ultrasonic treatment of the reaction system, the sonoelectrochemical cell (Fig. 3.3) is used for electrosynthesis and voltammetric studies [557],... 

To conclude the discussion on quasi-reversible reactions, we now direct our attention to sonoelectrochemical reactions on diamond electrodes [107-109], In sonoelectrochemistry, power ultrasound is applied to electrochemical cell, causing forced convection in the electrode-electrolyte system. As a result of the enhanced mass transfer, non-steady-state potentiodynamic curves with current peak turn to steady-state curves with a limiting current plateau (Fig. 21). Notice a significant increase in the current. It must be emphasized that in sonoelectrochemistry electrode materials are exposed to extreme conditions with mechanical strains induced by pressure waves and cavitation-induced liquid jets strong enough to cause severe erosion. Diamond withstands the sonoelectrochemical conditions perfectly. This opens up fresh possibilities for efficient electrolyses and electroanalyses with diamond electrodes. 

Other examples of sonoelectrochemical breakdown of pollutants include enhanced removal of phenol from industrial effluents by electrooxidation.49 Thus, >80% oxidation of PhOH to maleic acid was achieved when ultrasound (25 kHz, 104 W m 2) was applied to a solution containing phenol (100 g L i) and NaCl (2 g L i) in an electrolyzer, instead of only 50% without ultrasound. Recent German and French patents describe respectively the oxidative decontamination of pollutants in watei o and an electrochemical cell for the treatment of swimming-pool waters. i... 

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