Electroaffinity Modulation Valance Entrapment

The enlargement of electroaffinity of the specimen results from the conduction-band entrapment. The affinity change follows the relation  

However, a competition between the entrapment and the polarization of the dangling bond minimizes the expectation, see Fig. 16.9. At a flat surface (zi = 4), the energy level shifts by 0.88 — 1 = 13.6 % for metals, which contribute to the enlargement of the electronegativity. The enlarged electroaffinity explains why the bond nature alteration occurs in the 111-A nanosolids and why the IV-A covalent bond becomes even stronger at z, 3. The valence DOS entrapment is responsible for the ionicity of O and Cu at the nanoscale. Affinity enlargement should be responsible for the toxicity that nanocrystals demonstrate. 

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