Electroactive polymer actuators ionic performance

There is growing interest in biomimetic motions, which imitate the action of natural muscles. Since such motions are difficult to realize using conventional appliances such as mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic actuators, research efforts are focused on the development of new muscle-like actuators. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) including polymer gels [63], ionic polymer-metal composites (IMPCs) [64], conductive polymers [56], and carbon nanotubes [65] are candidates to address the performance demands. 

Table 9.1 Performance properties of typical IPMCs (Reproduced with permission from IS. Park, K. M. Jung, D. Kim, et al. Physical principles of Ionic polymer-metal composites as electroactive actuators and sensors, MRS Bulletin, 33, 3, 190-5. Copyright (2008) MRS)...

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