Electro-magneto-rheological materials

1119) D. Pirck, H. GrassholV, H. Kohnz, P. Finmans, T. Carslensen, D. Jakubik, 

1146 K, Koyania, K. Minagawa, T. Watanabc, Y. Kumakura, J. Takimoto, J.Non-NewlonianFluid Mech., 58 (1995)195 

I he ER efTecl depends on the applied electric field slrenglli, the frequency of the electric field, the particle conductivity, the particle dielectric properties, the particle volume fraction, temperature, water content, the liquid medium, even the electrode pattern, etc. Those parameters are reviewed in this chapter. 

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Gavin H. P., The effect of particle concentration inhomogeneities on the steady flow of electro- and magneto-rheological materials. J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. 71 (1997)pp. 165-182. 

K. Minagawa, K. Koyama, Electro- and magneto-rheological materials, stim-uli-induced rheological functions, Curr. Org. Chem., 2005,9,1643. 

Among the adaptive materials currently on the forefront are liquid crystals, electro- and magneto-rheological (ER/MR) fluids, thermo- and physioreponsive gels, and shape memory alloys. In all but the last case, these systems involve... 

Recently there has been much interest in composites of magnetic particles in a soft matrix which respond to a magnetic field by a change of shape and properties [147]. These materials are the elastomeric equivalents of magneto-rheological fluids and electro-rheological fluids. 

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