Electrical potential energy

When the length of the dipole is small compared with the distance apart, the electric potential energy is equal to... 

The key element in London s approach is the expansion of the electrical potential energy in multipole series. Since neutral molecules or portions of molecules are involved, the leading term is that for dipole-dipole interaction. While attention has been given to higher-order terms, these are usually small, and the greater need seems to be for improved treatment of the dipole-dipole terms. London used second order perturbation theory in his treatment, but Slater and Kirkwood38,21 soon followed with a variation method treatment which yielded similar results. Other individual papers will be mentioned later, but the excellent review of Mar-genau26 should not be overlooked. 

Removing an electron from a nucleus increases the electrical potential energy. Lifting a backpack from the floor to a tabletop increases the gravitational potential energy. 

Equation describes electrical potential energy as a function of charges q and qi) and their separation distance... 

Electrical Potential the electrical potential energy of charged body above ground measured in volts... 

Figure 6 A schematic band diagram (electrical potential energy versus distance) of a conventional p-n homojunction solar cell at equilibrium (left) and at short circuit under spatially uniform illumination (right). The energies of the conduction- and valence-band edges are Ecb and Evb. respectively. EF is the Fermi level at equilibrium and EFn and EFp are the quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes, respectively, under illumination.

We can use the de Broglie equation take the mass of an electron as 0.922 x 10-30 kg. The velocity of the electron is found by equating its kinetic energy, mv2, to the 10 keV loss of electric potential energy. 

It can be shown, using mathematical techniques that are outside the scope of this text, that the electric potential energy U for two point charges q and q0 separated by a distance r is given by ... 

The SI unit for electric potential energy is the joule. Note how similar the electric potential energy expression is to Coulomb s law. One key difference is in the denominator, which has r versus r2 in Coulomb s law. 

It is convenient to define another quantity that is independent of q0. We can divide the electric potential energy U by q0 to obtain the new quantity called the electric potential. The electric potential V is thus defined to be ... 

Extreme caution must be used when dealing with the concepts of electric potential energy and electric potential. Even though they are related, they are two separate notions differentiated by a single word, energy. Let the student beware ... 

Charge 259 Coulomb s Law 260 Electric Field 262 Electric Potential Energy 263 Electric Potential 263 Electric Current 264... 

Voltage Electric potential energy per unit charge. 

At this stage the cylinder has an electric potential difference U between its ends and is in a clamped state so that the electric potential energy is (C is the capacitance)... 

The electrostatic contribution comes from the electrical potential energy of the charge in the field [16] ... 

A voltage is created when there is a difference in electrical potential energy between two locations. A voltage allows current to flow from one location to another. 

Mass-to-charge ratios are determined by measuring the time that ions take to move through a field-free region between the source and the detector. Indeed, before it leaves the source, an ion with mass m and total charge / = zc is accelerated by a potential Vs. It electric potential energy Eei is converted into kinetic energy / / ... 

This equation shows that part of the chemical energy of the oxidation of glucose is consumed for the flow of electric potential energy, and that part is removed as heat. Table B9 lists some of the reaction enthalpies at specified temperatures. The efficiency of the conversion of chemical energy to electric potential energy may be defined by... 

Example 11.1 Cell electric potentials In living systems, ions in the intracellular phase and the extracellular phase produce a potential difference of about 80 mV between the two phases. The intracellular phase potential is negative (Garby and Larsen, 1995). Determine the difference in electrical potential energy per mole positive monovalent ion, e.g., Na+, between the two phases. 

Electric potential differences can exist in living systems. Changes in electrical potential energy are produced by ions in solutions whose electric potentials change across cell membranes. The potential energy per mole species at the potential t(/ is obtained from... 

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